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Some of you may have lived abroad before, while for others it will be an entirely

Hundreds of plants and animals across the globe have evolved chemical defense through

Symbiotic bacteria that live permanently with a host and are connected to its metabolism lose many genes over the course of evolution that are no longer required. A research team at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology investigated whether these highly specialized bacteria can adapt their gene activity to different environmental conditions despite their greatly reduced genome, using reed beetles of the genera Donacia and Macroplea. To this end, the expression of symbiont genes was analyzed at different temperatures and at various stages of the reed beetles‘ development. These symbionts retain only a few genes. Nevertheless, they were found to be able to adapt their gene expression in a targeted manner. For instance, they activate special stress genes in response to cold and adapt their metabolic pathways to their host’s diet during different life stages. This demonstrates that symbionts with a greatly reduced genome can still respond flexibly to the needs of their symbiotic partners.
Reed beetles have a semi-aquatic lifestyle.

Symbiotic bacteria that live permanently with a host and are connected to its metabolism lose many genes over the course of evolution that are no longer required. A research team at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology investigated whether these highly specialized bacteria can adapt their gene activity to different environmental conditions despite their greatly reduced genome, using reed beetles of the genera Donacia and Macroplea. To this end, the expression of symbiont genes was analyzed at different temperatures and at various stages of the reed beetles‘ development. These symbionts retain only a few genes. Nevertheless, they were found to be able to adapt their gene expression in a targeted manner. For instance, they activate special stress genes in response to cold and adapt their metabolic pathways to their host’s diet during different life stages. This demonstrates that symbionts with a greatly reduced genome can still respond flexibly to the needs of their symbiotic partners.
Reed beetles have a semi-aquatic lifestyle.

make a diverse array of chemicals in order to mediate the many interactions they have

make a diverse array of chemicals in order to mediate the many interactions they have

milkweed bugs and tiger keelback snakes may be very different creatures, but they have

More than 25 naturally occurring SLs have already been discovered in several monocot

against herbivore predators – indeed, many specialized metabolites are thought to have

Moreover, many of these compounds have life-saving medicinal properties and are used