The media package includes five additional experiments related to B2 “Greenhouse – The two additional experiments related to B3 “How does waste separation work?”
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The links can be used as preparation for or further study of the “Experimento | 8+” technology challenges of the Siemens Stiftung.
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A collection of three independent simulations illustrates the essential properties of ferromagnetic materials. The physical principles are each summarized in a mnemonic that can be displayed and hidden. The simulations in detail: • A magnet is disassembled. The inner structure made of elementary magnets (Weiss domains) becomes clear. • The elementary magnets in a ferromagnetic material are aligned in an external magnetic field. The material becomes magnetized, and becomes a magnet itself. • A magnetized material is exposed to heat or mechanical force and thus loses its magnetization. It becomes demagnetized. Information and ideas: The students can verify the illustrated facts in simple experiments.
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One circuit is shown for the charging process and another for the discharging process. The capacity of the capacitor integrated in the circuit can be varied. Starting with a capacitor with air as the dielectric and a defined area and defined plate separation, the following variations are possible: • Doubling of the plate separation • Doubling of the plate area • Insertion of a glass plate between the capacitor plates The associated current and voltage curves for the charging and discharging processes can be displayed independently of each other for different capacities.
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Activated carbon can be used as a filter for molecular substances. Due to the large number of pores in the activated carbon, as well as the very small pore size (1 to 50 nm), the surface area of these pores adds up to around 10,000 times more than the surface area of normal charcoal. The graphic shows the typical pore sizes and clearly illustrates how the large “internal” surface area of activated carbon is achieved. The graphic can be labeled individually or as a whole.
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The work assignment includes two photos: The first photo shows an application with everyday relevance. The second photo is intended as a further idea. Specific work assignments guide the students in examining the technologies shown, provided that this is possible for the students in the lower grades. Information and ideas: • The text in the information sheet of the same name provides help in finding the answer. It also includes a lot of additional information. • The answer can be found in the answer sheet of the same name. These work assignments are designed to open a window to technology within the context of Experimento | 8+. The teacher and students should together go into more detail about technologies that are addressed in the experiments or develop the basic principles of the technical applications shown in the photos in order to reflect on and transfer the scientific knowledge gained in the experiment. Because technology is not a central learning objective of Experimento | 8+, the students are encouraged to examine the technology that surrounds them, but they should not be instructed to carry out extensive research to find a solution. The latter also cannot be expected of the students due to the complexity of the technical applications shown.
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The work assignment includes a graphic and three photos: The graphic and the first two photos show an application with everyday relevance. The last photo is intended as a further idea. Specific work assignments guide the students in examining the technologies shown, provided that this is possible for the students in the lower grades. Information and ideas: • The text in the information sheet of the same name provides help in finding the answer. It also includes a lot of additional information. • The answer can be found in the answer sheet of the same name. These work assignments are designed to open a window to technology within the context of Experimento | 8+. The teacher and students should together go into more detail about technologies that are addressed in the experiments or develop the basic principles of the technical applications shown in the photos in order to reflect on and transfer the scientific knowledge gained in the experiment. Because technology is not a central learning objective of Experimento | 8+, the students are encouraged to examine the technology that surrounds them, but they should not be instructed to carry out extensive research to find a solution. The latter also cannot be expected of the students due to the complexity of the technical applications shown.
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The students will learn how to correctly use a digital multimeter (safety information, selecting the measuring range, connecting the measuring cables, etc.). In addition, circuits for simple electrical measurements are presented, and aspects to be taken into account during the respective measurements are explained. Tips are also provided for avoiding short circuits when setting up circuits and for handling batteries and accumulators competently. Information and ideas: The topics covered in this basic course are dealt with only to the extent and in the detail necessary for working with Experimento | 10+.
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In this process, pressure is applied to salty water, pressing it against a semi-permeable membrane with extremely small pores. The pore size allows water molecules of around 0.28 nm to pass through, while salt ions are kept back. (Although salt ions in and of themselves are smaller than water molecules, in this case they are significantly larger due to their bonded hydration shell). This process is used in large plants around the world to desalinate seawater in areas with shortages of drinking water. Information and ideas: In addition to reverse osmosis, there are other membrane filter procedures that differ in the pore size of the membrane: • Microfiltration • Ultrafiltration • Nanofiltration
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Membrane filters consist of a microporous material. During filtration of water suspended particles above a certain size are retained while smaller particles can pass through the membrane unimpeded. Apart from typical applications of the individual filter types, this tabular overview also lists the main parameters. Plastic is generally used as the filter material, although metal and ceramic membranes are also possible in principle. Depending on the size of the particles to be separated out and the pore size of the membrane the filtration process is referred to as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. The smaller the pores are, the greater the applied pressure difference has to be in order to force the water through the membrane. Information and ideas: Information on the individual filtration processes for further study can be found in the “Guideline for water treatment on the media portal of the Siemens Stiftung.
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