Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages – The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/italian-painting-of-the-later-middle-ages
With Giotto, the flat world of thirteenth-century Italian painting was transformed into an analogue for the real world, for which reason he is considered the father of modern European painting.
Giotto’s figures are volumetric rather than linear, and the emotions they express
