Dein Suchergebnis zum Thema: buch

Unternehmen verpflichtet sich, Treibhausgasemissionen bis zum Jahr 2015 um 15 Prozent zu senken Weltweite Klimaveränderungen lassen keinen Zweifel daran, dass der Ausstoß an Treibhausgasen erheblich gesenkt werden muss. Dieser Verantwortung wollen sich zunehmend auch Unternehmen stellen. Das Öko-Institut bietet dabei fachliche Unterstützung für die Praxis. Aktuell haben die WissenschaftlerInnen für das Handelsunternehmen Metro Group eine Klimabilanz erstellt und geprüft, wie der Konzern seine Treibhausgasemissionen wirkungsvoll verringern kann. Das Ergebnis: Im Untersuchungsjahr 2006 hat das Unternehmen 4,15 Millionen Tonnen CO2 emittiert. Jetzt hat sich die Metro Group verpflichtet, ihre Emissionen bis zum Jahr 2015 um 15 Prozent zu senken. Das soll vor allem mit Energieeinsparungen erreicht werden.
Werbemittel macht rund 8,5 Prozent aus und Dienstreisen schlagen mit 1,5 Prozent zu Buche

Der Tourismus spielt eine nicht zu unterschätzende Rolle für den Klimawandel. Denn je weiter das Urlaubsziel, desto größer ist der Energieverbrauch auf dem Reiseweg und die damit verbundenen klimarelevanten Umweltauswirkungen.
in einer Ferienwohnung an der Ostsee schlägt mit 52 kg CO2 deutlich geringer zu Buche

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement creates an international framework for market-based cooperation between countries and/or entities “to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable development“. Article 6.2 provides a framework for engaging in cooperative approaches involving internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs). Article 6.4 creates a new United Nations carbon crediting programme, also known as the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), overseen by the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body. Articles 6.2 and 6.4 are operationalised through decisions taken under the Paris Agreement. While distinct systems, they can intersect, as emission reductions or removals issued as Article 6.4 Emission Reductions (A6.4ERs) under the PACM, or by other eligible carbon crediting programmes can be authorised under Article 6.2 as ITMOs. A6.4ERs that are not authorised as ITMOs are referred to as Mitigation Contribution Units (MCUs).
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Environmental aspects are more and more relevant for raw material policy-making and responsible sourcing strategies. This trend is partly based on growing public awareness of problems and impacts associated with extraction and processing of ores and minerals. Disaster events such as the tailing dam failures in Kolontár (Hungary, October 2010) and Bento Rodriguez (Brazil, November 2015) quite frequently highlight the fact that many mining and processing practices are associated with substantial environmental impacts and risks for the local and even regional environments. However, there is also increasing recognition that the rather devastating environmental performance of many past and current mining projects is a major reason for communities around the world to oppose both the development of new and the expansion of existing mines. Although mining companies constantly have to increase their efforts to secure the social license to operate, many scholars already point out that both environmental impacts and associated social and political reactions are emerging as a decisive factor determining current and future raw material supply. In light of these concerns, raw material policy-making requires solid information on environmental hot spots in mining, as well as on raw materials of particular concern. Whereas indicators and information systems are already well developed for geological, technical, structural, political, regulatory, and economic supply risks, there is currently no holistic method and information system for environmental concerns associated with the mining of raw materials. Although life cycle assessment can provide methodological support for various environmental aspects, it has substantial weaknesses in the fields of ecosystem degradation, impacts on fresh- and groundwater resources, and hazard potentials from episodic disaster events. This paper presents a methodology that aims to fill this gap. Our proposed method provides a system of 11 indicators allowing the identification of raw material-specific environmental hot spots and rankings of raw materials. Although the indicator system is qualitative in nature, its composition and aggregation cover the most relevant environmental concerns arising from mining and allow prioritizing of raw materials from a global environmental perspective.
potentials of minerals and metals from mining 13.08.2018 Bereichsübergreifend Bücher

Fossil-based emissions can be avoided by using wood in place of non-renewable raw materials as energy and materials. However, wood harvest influences forest carbon stocks. Increased harvest may reduce the overall climate benefit of wood use significantly, but is widely overlooked. We reviewed selected simulation studies and compared differences in forest carbon and amount of wood harvested between harvest scenarios of different intensities for three different time perspectives: short- (1–30 years), mid- (31–70 years), and long-term (71–100 years). Out of more than 450 reviewed studies 45 provided adequate data. Our results show that increased harvest reduces carbon stocks over 100 years in temperate and boreal forests by about 1.6 (stdev 0.9) tC per tC harvested (referred to as carbon balance indicator (CBI)). CBI proved to be robust when outliers explicitly influenced by factors other than changes in the harvest rate, such as fertilization or increase in forest area, were removed. The carbon impacts tend to be greatest in the mid-term, but no significant difference in was found for average values between short and long time-horizons. CBI can be interpreted as carbon opportunity costs of wood harvest in forests. Our results indicate that even after 100 years, CBI is significant compared to the typical GHG credits expected in the technosphere by avoiding fossil emissions in substitution and increasing carbon stocks in harvested wood products. Our estimates provide typical values that can directly be included in GHG balances of products or assessments of mitigation policies and measures related to wood use. However, more systematic scenarios with transparent information on influencing factors for forest carbon stocks are required to provide better constrained estimates for specific forest types.
on forest carbon 11.06.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Reducing power consumption is a vital building block for transforming the energy system. In the contribution, we will present insights from an ongoing research project “Power efficiency classes for households” studying how power consumption in households can be sustainably reduced and stabilized over the long term. The approach uses the concept of efficiency classes to provide a comparative feedback on households’ total power consumption. The power efficiency classes of households are developed as an indicator for households to more easily estimate their total power consumption and better implement specific goals for saving power. The efficiency classes range from 1-7 – like the power label of the European Union –, with 1 being the best possible class, i.e. the lowest power consumption. On this basis the power efficiency label pools the total power consumption of a household and assigns it a consumption class. A labelling process for particularly frugal households or households achieving a significant reduction in power use that is harmonized with this procedure makes things simple and transparent and thus increases the motivation to attain a better power efficiency class. An energy audit and corresponding power saving packages help households identify saving potentials in order to improve their power efficiency class. This approach is implemented in 100 selected households in cooperation with power companies and manufacturers of appliances in a field test. The aim of this test is to evaluate the households’ sensitization for their own power consumption and the suitability of the various power saving packages. In the contribution, we will present the power efficiency classes for households and report results from the field test in the participating households. Against this background, we will discuss some implications for implementing and scaling-up sustainable consumption and production (SCP) practices in relation to sustainable energy use, to improve efficiency on a household level and to raise awareness for rebound effects.
Energiewende und Klimapolitik Publikationen Produkte & Stoffströme Bücher

Meeting energy and climate targets requires phasing out the use of fossil fuels in the heating sector, demanding an extensive overhaul of infrastructure. The expansion of district heating and electricity distribution grids will be essential for this transition, while parts of the gas distribution network will become redundant. Regional and municipal heating plans, mandated by the EED and the decarbonised gas and hydrogen market package, require planning that should involve identifying areas where gas distribution networks will be decommissioned or dismantled in the future. The process will be accelerated by phasing out or introducing efficiency regulations for heating installations. How should the efficient and orderly transformation of the gas network be accomplished? To this end, we compare the status-quo as well as recent the developments of gas grid infrastructures across four European countries, namely Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. Additionally, we analyse the current regulations for ga
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To reduce Germany’s total GHG emissions by 95 % by 2050, the building sector must be completely decarbonised. Due to the inertia of the sector, it is necessary to significantly accelerate the renovation of buildings and the transformation towards climate-neutral heat supply technologies. Our analysis identifies which measures need to be implemented by which date at the latest, to achieve the long-term target of full decarbonisation. Based on this we develop a consistent set of policy instruments that would enable the building stock becoming climate neutral in 2050. For both, measures and policies, a roadmap for the heat transition in Germany is developed with short- (2020-2025), medium- (2025-2035) and long-term (2035-2050) guidelines and recommendations. The roadmap of measures is based on an analysis of potential risks and how they could be compensated. Potential risks include for example failing to achieve the refurbishment rates and renovation standards required to realize climate neutrality; or failing to get renewable heat quickly enough into the heating market. Options to offset resulting gaps include an additional use of domestic renewable energy, increased efficiency efforts or the import of renewable energy. The roadmap is divided into four blocks addressing the overall regulatory framework, demand reduction in buildings, heat supply technologies and district heating. The roadmap of measures is “translated” into a roadmap of policy instruments. The policy roadmap includes regulatory approaches, support programs as well as informative instruments. The policy roadmap is designed to provide sufficient incentives for target achievement while avoiding lock-in effects that would undermine meeting the long-term goal.
neutral building stock 11.10.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Germany has approximately 11,000 municipalities which can make a significant contribution towards achieving climate targets. The Local Authorities Funding Guideline (LAG) of the German National Climate Initiative (NCI) has supported municipalities in designing and implementing climate action since 2008. One of the LAG components comprises funding a dedicated position for a climate action manager in a municipality. Since 2008, more than 800 climate action managers have been funded in this way. Their tasks are very diverse. First, they implement investments in energy efficiency. Beyond that, they make a major contribution to establishing climate action in municipalities. Among other things, they organise and coordinate networks and expert groups within and outside their administration, they conduct public relations work, carry out educational projects, and solicit additional funding for various projects. However, evaluating their impact presents a challenge. This study contributes towards such an evaluation. To determine the impact of climate action management, a set of criteria and indicators have been identified and a survey consisting of 46 questions belonging to 6 question blocks on the topic of municipal climate action was created. In this paper the questions in the following four blocks are evaluated: (i) Introductory, statistical questions, (ii) Climate action personnel in the municipality, (iii) Importance of climate action in administration and local politics, and (iv) Inventory of climate action activities. The survey was conducted among all municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants in two German federal states: North Rhine-Westphalia and Brandenburg. The evaluation of the survey was carried out in three groups: 1) municipalities with climate action managers, 2) municipalities that once had a climate action manager, but no longer have one, and 3) municipalities that have never had a climate action manager. The comparison of the results of the three groups shows that municipalities with a climate action manager perform better in practically all of the criteria surveyed than municipalities without a climate action manager: climate action has a higher priority, generally finds stronger support in municipal politics and greater attention also outside the environmental protection sector. There is more often a climate action committee within the administration, there is more often a financial budget available, more experts are involved in implementing climate action and more funding programmes are tapped into. Since the majority of cities in Group 3 are smaller cities with 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants, it can be seen that cities of this size are less active in climate protection. These cities obviously need more or different support through funding. The effectiveness of the LAG’s „climate action manager“ funding priority could be demonstrated. The funding of a position for the manager to implement climate action in the municipalities should therefore be continued. The funding programme should be further expanded to reach smaller municipalities in particular. It could also be shown that personnel responsible for climate protection in the municipality is essential in order to become more active in climate protection. The survey results can therefore be used to demonstrate the importance of climate action managers for municipal climate action and for the implementation of climate protection measures. The aim should be to increase the number of municipalities with climate action managers.
Evaluating the impact 11.10.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Für die Zukunft ist die externe Sicht auf die Arbeit des Öko-Instituts unverzichtbar. Diese Sicht liefern schon seit den ersten Tagen des Instituts die Professoren Peter C. Mayer-Tasch, Eckard Rehbinder und Udo E. Simonis. Zuerst im Kuratorium, seit 2021 sind sie Ehrenmitglieder des Öko-Institut e.V. Wir haben bei ihnen #nachgefragt
Mayer-Tasch ist Autor und Herausgeber zahlreicher Bücher auch aus dem Bereich der