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The global loss of fertile soils is widely recognized as one of the most pressing environmental and social problems of the next decades. Against this backdrop, political action is urgently needed to promote the sustainable use and management of soil, both domestically and at the international level. While particularly international soil policy has been neglected for decades, land and soil degradation have started to gain some international political momentum in recent years. This paper analyses how the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as a key multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) within international environmental law contributes to the international governance of sustainable soil use. Firstly, we give a brief overview of the international governance of soil sustainability to date, locating the role of the CBD in this context. Secondly, we elaborate on how the CBD deals with soil (biodiversity) issues—e.g., in its Strategic Plan and Aichi Targets, through principles for the sustainable use of biodiversity, the CBD’s Ecosystem Approach as well as the International Soil Biodiversity Initiative. In the discussion, we highlight the value and shortcomings of the soil topic under the CBD. We also develop options on how sustainable soil management could be strengthened within the CBD and through the CBD. We conclude that the CBD can indeed contribute to the political promotion of sustainable soil use but that presently there are few incentives for CBD parties to push the process forward. Also, to be effective, the CBD is dependent on meaningful progress in international politics on the broader topic of sustainable land use.
Soils: Status and Future Options 15.02.2017 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

This work determines the techno-economic potential of electrifying the truck fleet of the “Badische Staatsbrauerei Rothaus AG”, based on the analysis of data containing two weeks of vehicle operation. The analysis reveals that overnight depot charging maximises potential, while daytime charging allows for longer tours using vehicles with smaller batteries. Economically, electrification of this fleet is beneficial, paying off within a few years as higher operation costs of the diesel fleet offset the high purchase price of electric trucks. Financial advantages increase with consistent usage and longer vehicle service life, supported by lower depot electricity prices. Sensitivity analysis shows that fuel prices, vehicle costs, and residual values of electric trucks significantly influence results, while charging infrastructure costs have less influence on the outcome. This study emphasises the feasibility and profitability of the electrification of truck fleets, identifies the most important influencing factors
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Recent years have seen the development of numerous innovations in social, constructional, and transportation planning for different forms of communal housing. They illustrate how more sustainable practices in transport and land use can be achieved through the collective provision and use of space and mobility services. The question remains, however, of who needs to be involved in such bottom-up approaches and when in order to ensure their success. What changes are necessary to anchor these approaches in the wider context of urban and transport planning? This paper presents three examples of neighbourhood mobility concepts and the collaborative use of space and land. A research project accompanied the development of these concepts in a real-world laboratory design. The scientists used social-empirical methods and secondary analyses to evaluate social and ecological effects, economic viability and the process of joint development. The results show the high sustainability potential of such neighbourhood concepts: they enable residents to meet their mobility needs, while using fewer vehicles through shared use, reducing the number of journeys and changing their choice of transport. At the same time, promoting and developing community services has been shown to be inhibited by preconditions such as existing planning law. Opportunities and obstacles have been identified and translated into recommendations for action, focusing on municipal urban planning, transport planning, and the housing industry.
08.03.2021 Publikationen Mobilitätswende Ressourcen & Mobilität Bücher

The current energy systems are undergoing fundamental changes driven by the climate crisis, unfolding digitalisation and increasing calls for a more active citizens‘ engagement. The impact of these ongoing trends on the future energy system, however, is far from straightforward. Although there is an increasing shift towards a decentralisation, it is not clear yet how exactly this new decentralised configuration will unfold and materialise. In this article we explore the rationales behind current trends towards a more decentralised electricity system. Given the developments in the electricity system, our study centres on emerging initiatives led by citizens and their values. Theoretically, we first mobilise the notion of socio-technical system as constituted and reproduced by actors, institutions, and technology, operating based on certain shared principles. We use this lens to describe the past and current energy system organisation. Secondly, based on two dimensions of value orientation and steering directio
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Under the Paris Agreement, most countries have communicated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with mitigation targets for a single year. Single-year targets present considerable challenges when countries use international carbon markets to achieve their NDCs. This paper assesses the environmental integrity implications of the two options that countries with single-year targets can use to account for internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: averaging and multi-year approaches. To assess the implications of these options, the paper considers a variety of scenarios for how two countries might engage with Article 6 and assesses how the choice of the accounting approach may affect aggregated emissions from the two countries. The paper finds that aggregated emissions could increase, decrease or remain unaffected, depending on: which of the two accounting approaches is chosen by the transferring and the acquiring country; whether the generation or use of ITMOs decreases, increases, or keeps constant over time; whether the countries’ emissions in the target year are representative for the countries’ emissions trend; and what course of action countries take in the case of a possible over- or under-achievement of their NDC targets.
single-year targets 19.12.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Friedhelm Keimeyer veröffentlichte in der ersten Jahresausgabe der Neuen Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht (NVwZ) einen Aufsatz über das Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz. Der Beitrag ist ein Gemeinschaftswerk mehrerer Autoren und Autorinnen, darunter eine Referentin und ein Referent des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (BMU), die mit dem Klimaschutzgesetz befasst sind. Er stellt die Kernregelungen des Gesetzes vor und diskutiert seine rechtliche und praktische Bedeutung. Der Aufsatz kann über die Website der NVwZ erworben werden. Dem im Dezember 2019 verkündeten Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz kommt eine Sonderstellung innerhalb des Klimapakets der Bundesregierung zu. Als Rahmengesetz für die Klimaschutzpolitik legt es verbindliche Treibhausgasemissions-Minderungsziele sowie jährliche Budgets für einzelne Sektoren fest und sieht Mittel und Verfahren vor, um diese zu erreichen. Dazu gehören regelmäßige Klimaschutzprogramme, Berichte und Maßnahmen bei Zielverfehlung, die Einbindung eines unabhängigen Expertenrats für Klimafragen sowie die Vorbildwirkung der öffentlichen Hand. Dieser verbindliche Handlungsrahmen für den Bund ermöglicht eine bessere Steuerung der deutschen Klimaschutzpolitik und erhöht so die Aussichten, dass Deutschland seine nationalen und von der EU vorgegebenen Klimaschutzziele für 2030 und darüber hinaus erreicht. Nach Ansicht der Autoren stellt das Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz daher einen Meilenstein der deutschen Klimaschutzpolitik dar, auch wenn einzelne Regelungen hinter dem möglichen Ambitionsniveau zurückgeblieben sind. Friedhelm Keimeyer hat zusammen mit Dr. Stephan Sina vom Ecologic Institut und Prof. Dr. Stefan Klinski von der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin das BMU bei Vorarbeiten zum Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz unterstützt.
Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz 15.01.2020 Publikationen Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

The EU ETS is one of the first emissions trading schemes in the world and has contributed to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors covered by the scheme in recent years. The EU has adopted the introduction of a new, separate emissions trading scheme (ETS 2) for the buildings and transport sectors as well additional sectors. In our paper we estimate the impact of the new ETS 2 on the buildings sector. We calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction in the year 2030 using an approach based on price elasticities. We further discuss the impact of the ETS 2 on cost-effectiveness of heat pump deployment in the EU Member States to outline an example of longer-term effects on investments. The results show that with a carbon price of 45 Euro per ton the impact ranges between three and seven Million tons of greenhouse gas emission reductions. Even with optimistic assumptions on the reaction of building owners, the overall contribution of the ETS 2 to meeting the EU target for reducing greenhouse
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The 24th international climate conference in Katowice, Poland, in December 2018 was a major achievement in the multilateral response to climate change. More than 190 countries managed to agree on nearly all elements of a comprehensive rulebook that puts flesh on the bones of the 2015 Paris Agreement. The rules require, for the first time, that all countries provide detailed information on their climate change mitigation targets and regularly report on their progress in implementing and achieving them. However, one important chapter is still missing: rules for international carbon markets discussed under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Competing views on how to avoid “double counting”—counting the same emission reduction more than once to achieve climate mitigation targets—were a major roadblock to reaching consensus. Completing the missing chapter on Article 6 will be one of the key tasks when countries reconvene at the 25th international climate conference in Santiago, Chile, in December of this year. We highlight why resolving double counting is critical for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement and identify essential ingredients for a robust outcome that ensures environmental effectiveness and facilitates cost-effective mitigation. Science  11 Oct 2019: Vol. 366, Issue 6462, pp. 180-183 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay8750 
counting and the Paris Agreement rulebook 11.10.2019 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Die Fernwärme gewinnt bei der Dekarbonisierung der Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden in ganz Europa an Bedeutung. Daher müssen Fernwärmenetze ausgebaut und gleichzeitig dekarbonisiert werden. Eine große Herausforderung für die Transformation von Fernwärmenetzen ist die saisonale Schwankung zwischen dem Angebot an erneuerbarer Wärme und überschüssiger unvermeidbarer Abwärme hauptsächlich im Sommer sowie dem hohen Wärmebedarf im Winter. Für den Ausgleich der saisonalen Schwankungen ist die saisonale Wärmespeicherung eine vielversprechende Option, die bislang in Deutschland noch wenig eingesetzt wird. Überschüssige Wärme, die im Sommer erzeugt wird, kann gespeichert und in der Heizperiode genutzt werden. Eine Möglichkeit zur saisonalen Speicherung bietet der Einsatz von Aquiferspeichern. In dem Beitrag analysieren wir den Bedarf an und die Potenziale von saisonaler Wärmespeicherung in Aquiferen in Fernwärmesystemen in den drei geothermischen Regionen Oberrheingraben, Süddeutsches Molassebecken und Norddeutsches Becke
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The global carbon neutrality challenge places a spotlight on forests as carbon sinks. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) balances of wood for material and energy use often reveal GHG emission savings in comparison with a non-wood reference. Is it thus better to increase wood production and use, or to conserve and expand the carbon stock in forests? GHG balances of wood products mostly ignore the dynamics of carbon storage in forests, which can be expressed as the carbon storage balance in forests (CSBF). For Germany, a CSBF of 0.25 to 1.15 t CO2-eq. m−3 wood can be assumed. When the CSBF is integrated into the GHG balance, GHG mitigation substantially deteriorates and wood products may even turn into a GHG source, e.g., in the case of energy wood. In such cases, building up forest carbon stocks would be the better option. We conclude that it is vital to include the CSBF in GHG balances of wood products to assess the impacts of wood extraction from forests. Only then can GHG balances provide political decision makers and stakeholders in the wood sector with a  complete picture of GHG emissions
Balances of Wood Use 22.02.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher