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Biomasse umgibt uns im alltäglichen Leben. Man stößt überall auf nachwachsende Rohstoffe in den unterschiedlichsten Erscheinungsformen. So gehören Nahrungsmittel genauso zur Biomasse wie Papierprodukte, Biokunststoffe oder Textilien. Auch die Bioenergie ist eine wichtige Nutzungsform der Biomasse, stellt sie doch 80 Prozent der weltweit genutzten regenerativen Energien dar. Der häufige Einsatz von Biomasse hat seinen Grund: Sie hat ein sehr großes Spektrum von Verwendungen und ist scheinbar unendlich verfügbar, weil sie nachwächst. Doch die vielseitigen Vorteile der Rohstoffe sind mit Vorsicht zu genießen. Der Anbau von Energiepflanzen zur Erzeugung von Biogas oder Biokraftstoffen verspricht beispielsweise eine Reduktion von Kohlendioxid in den Sektoren Wärme oder Verkehr. Er steht indes in direkter Konkurrenz zum Anbau von Lebensmitteln – in Deutschland und weltweit.
LinkedIn Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Ressourcen & Mobilität Bücher

Mit dem Strommarktmodell PowerFlex und dem Gebäudemodell Building-STar wurde analysiert, ob das verfügbare Bioenergieangebot eher für den Stromsektor oder besser im Wärmemarkt als erneuerbare Wärmequelle eingesetzt werden sollte, um die Klimaschutzziele für den Strom- und Wärmesektor möglichst kosteneffizient einzuhalten. Beitrag erschienen in: Fokusheft „Bioenergie im Strom- und Wärmemarkt: Projektergebnisse 2019–2020“ (2021), S. 170 – 175, Herausgebende: Daniela Thrän, Diana Pfeiffer (DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH)
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Once transitions progress beyond the start-up phase, niche technologies diffuse more widely to generate important knock-on effects in a focal sector. This entails a need for moving beyond niches to embrace a ‚whole system perspective‘. In the power sector, this perspective puts electricity networks in a more central position. This paper analyses how the governance of power networks is challenged by the energy transition. We integrate insights from network regulation and transition studies to propose a framework for understanding such challenges. With this framework we assess recent regulatory innovations in Norway. The paper shows how the regulatory toolbox can be amended to tackle innovation and transition. The Norwegian case shows that the regulator has taken up the energy transition challenges. It also shows the difficulties of making these new instruments effective, including the tension between a regulatory cost-efficiency focus on the one hand, and transformative change on the other. Published in:Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 37, December 2020, Pages 318-331
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Best practice policy design and harmonisation of support schemes for electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) within the European Union have been discussed controversially for years. In contrast, policies for improving renewable heating (RES-H) penetration in the European Member States and options for best practice instruments are still being developed. The objective of this paper is to analyse different levels of policy harmonisation for target compliance and the economics of renewable heating and cooling. After presenting the degree of RES-H policy harmonisation resulting from Directive 2009/28/EC, a quantitative assessment is performed of the costs and benefits of different harmonisation scenarios. This selects the obligation to use renewable heating in buildings as the common policy instrument against which the effects of harmonisation are analysed. The paper shows that economic benefits can result from implementing best practice design options for use obligations in EU Member States. Published in:Energy Policy, Volume 59, August 2013, Pages 59-70
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In a rapidly warming world, the transition to renewable energy faces challenges on many fronts. Sufficiency measures, which focus on reducing overall energy demand, hold great potential to accelerate the energy transition and create truly sustainable societies, yet remain underexplored in policy circles. In our perspective, we emphasize sufficiency as a cornerstone for a successful energy transition and broader societal sustainability. We identify key barriers to sufficiency and sketch how policymakers, businesses, researchers, the media and arts, and civil society can help to overcome them. We note that a full transition to sufficiency, beyond individual interventions or novel practices, requires systemic changes that address underlying structural barriers, and distil four broad lessons from the field of transition studies that can help achieve these systemic changes. We call on relevant stakeholders to embrace sufficiency in order to accelerate the energy transition.
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Energy efficiency and decarbonization are important elements of climate change mitigation. We draw on European mitigation scenarios from the EMF28 modeling exercise to decompose economy-wide and sectoral emissions into their main components. We utilize the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to gain insights into five effects: affluence, energy intensity, carbon intensity, conversion efficiency, and structural change. Economy-wide analysis suggests that energy efficiency improvements (including end-use efficiency of production and structural change of the economy) determine emission reductions short to medium term while decarbonization becomes more important in the long term. Sectoral analysis suggests that electricity generation holds the largest potential for decarbonization. Mitigation in the transport and energy-intensive sectors is limited by technology availability, forcing output and energy inputs to decline to meet the given mitigation pathways. We conclude that energy efficiency improvements could bridge the time until carbon-free technologies mature, while their quick development remains essential. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
A Sectoral Multi-Model Decomposition 04.12.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Carbon crediting continues to be a popular policy instrument in the international community’s response to global warming. Public and private actors alike count on carbon credits to incentivize accelerated climate action as well as for complying with voluntary and mandatory climate targets. At the same time, a series of scientific reports have questioned the environmental integrity of many of the carbon credits traded on voluntary carbon markets, leading to an erosion of confidence in the instrument’s ability to deliver real impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas emission levels. In discussions about carbon credit quality, an argument that is often brought forward is that high standards would be an impediment to market growth. But the economic theory of lemon markets strongly suggests otherwise.
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The Paris Agreement establishes provisions for using international carbon market mechanisms to achieve climate mitigation contributions. Environmental integrity is a key principle for using such mechanisms under the Agreement. This paper systematically identifies and categorizes issues and options to achieve environmental integrity, including how it could be defined, what influences it, and what approaches could mitigate environmental integrity risks. Here, environmental integrity is assumed to be ensured if the engagement in international transfers of carbon market units leads to the same or lower aggregated global emissions. Four factors are identified that influence environmental integrity: the accounting for international transfers; the quality of units generated, i.e. whether the mechanism ensures that the issuance or transfer of units leads to emission reductions in the transferring country; the ambition and scope of the mitigation target of the transferring country; and incentives or disincentives for future mitigation action, such as possible disincentives for transferring countries to define future mitigation targets less ambitiously or more narrowly in order to sell more units. It is recommended that policy-makers combine several approaches to address the significant risks to environmental integrity.
mechanisms under the Paris Agreement 21.09.2018 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This article describes the activities within the NCI during the evaluation pe-riod, presents the evaluation approach, and illustrates some of the findings of the evaluation as well as lessons learned for following projects/programmes aiming at contributing to reach the mitigation targets. Published in: „Im Hürdenlauf zur Energiewende – von Transformationen, Reformen und Innovationen“ by A. Brunnengräber and M. DiNucci (eds.); Springer Verlag, Wiesbaden 2014
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Wirkketten werden in vielen verschiedenen Forschungsfeldern angewandt, um die Effekte einer Aktivität aufzuzeigen und das System zu visualisieren, in das die Aktivität eingebunden ist. Ein spezielles Konzept für Wirkketten von Energie-Suffizienzpolitiken fehlt bislang. Wir entwickeln ein solches basierend auf aktuellen Evaluierungsansätzen, erweitert durch qualitative Elemente wie Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren und wenden es in zwei Fallbeispielen zusammen mit den verantwortlichen Klimaschutzmanager*innen an. Zudem beschreiben wir Optionen, wie diese Wirkketten in verschiedene existierende Energiemodelle integriert werden können, die Schlüsselelemente der Politikberatung sind.
into energy modeling 18.07.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher