Downtown St. Augustine – Historical Archaeology https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/histarch/research/st-augustine/downtown/
In 1565 a fleet of Spanish ships led by Pedro Menéndez de Aviles established the first permanent European settlement in North America at present-day St. Augustine, Florida. After a difficult first decade of conflict with the local Timucua Indians, the city established itself as the capital of Spani
Washington, D.C. pp. 225-50.
