Dein Suchergebnis zum Thema: W��hrung

The main aim in packaging waste prevention must be the reduction of primary re-source use and of waste generated. To exemplify the urgency: if our plastic packag-ing use would continue to grow like it currently does, even with increased used of recyclates the requirement of virgin feedstock would still double by 20504. The over-all use must decrease. Only if packaging cannot be avoided, it should at least be reusable. If a packaging cannot be reused anymore, it should be recycled, preferably with mechanical material recovery for same or simi- lar functionality or field of applica-tion as the first priority. It is important that a packaging is not only theoretically recy-clable but has a high likelihood of actually being recycled in practice, so that the re-co- vered materials can go into the production of new products. Therefore, measures and investments in collection, source segregation and sorting are equal- ly important. The entire waste management system should be designed and committed to pre-venting littering, incineration, landfilling untreated waste or disposal in non-sanitary landfills to keep materi- als in the loop, keeping them useful for as long as possible.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

The main aim in packaging waste prevention must be the reduction of primary re-source use and of waste generated. To exemplify the urgency: if our plastic packag-ing use would continue to grow like it currently does, even with increased used of recyclates the requirement of virgin feedstock would still double by 20504. The over-all use must decrease. Only if packaging cannot be avoided, it should at least be reusable. If a packaging cannot be reused anymore, it should be recycled, preferably with mechanical material recovery for same or simi- lar functionality or field of applica-tion as the first priority. It is important that a packaging is not only theoretically recy-clable but has a high likelihood of actually being recycled in practice, so that the re-co- vered materials can go into the production of new products. Therefore, measures and investments in collection, source segregation and sorting are equal- ly important. The entire waste management system should be designed and committed to pre-venting littering, incineration, landfilling untreated waste or disposal in non-sanitary landfills to keep materi- als in the loop, keeping them useful for as long as possible.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

This study provides insights into the commodity based characteristics, environmental and social hot spots and policy instruments such as certification for palm oil production in Indonesia as a result of the Bio-Macht Project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). In a first step, basic agro-technical particularities of the oil palm are covered followed by an analysis of the global as well as the Indonesian markets for palm oil. Numerous certification schemes for palm oil were developed aiming to foster sustainability in the value chains for palm oil. As their ambition level varies considerably, the schemes are evaluated comprehensively. In a second step, a study team by Oeko-Institut e.V. (Germany) and Universitas Padjadjaran (Indonesia) conducted field-research including primary data collection via stakeholder interviews in the provinces West-Java, Riau (Sumatra) and Central and South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The resulting empirical evidence suggests a rather limited effectiveness of the analysed certification schemes with regards to the analysed environmental hot spots, whereas some positive impacts on social concerns could be observed. Concluding, the study recommends additional measures such as the landscape certification approach as well as appropriate financial mechanisms and due diligence requirements to more effectively tackle environmental and social hot spots in the context of palm oil production in Indonesia.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Tumble driers have a high ratio of and increasing impact on total electricity demand of households. In contrast to different other household appliances the market is not saturated yet and therefore growing selling rates can be expected. Mainly two systems of tumble driers are currently available on the market: condenser tumble driers and air vented tumble driers, both powered by electricity. Tumble driers of both systems are mainly classified in the energy efficiency classes C and D. The energy efficiency labelling of tumble driers takes into account the electricity demand of the different driers when used under standard conditions. Nevertheless under real life conditions in private households additional parameters influence the total energy demand of the two drying systems, like type of control (humidity or time control), type of fabric, loading of the drier, remaining water in the clothes after spinning in the washing machine, ambient temperature, energy demand for space heating or air humidity. The crucial point is that some of these parameters have a different influence on the two drier systems. For example ambient temperature has a stronger influence on air-vented driers than on condenser driers. The drier systems themselves have an opposed effect on the energy demand for space heating. Against this background the goal of this study was to compare the electricity demand of the two different drier technologies (air vented and condenser tumble driers) used under standard conditions with the energy demand when used under real life conditions especially with respect to the following effects: differences in ambient temperature (relevant when driers are located outside heated rooms, directly influencing the electricity demand of the drier) energy demand for space heating (relevant when driers are located inside heated rooms, causing an additional energy demand or energy demand substitution next to the direct electricity demand of the driers)
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Tumble driers have a high ratio of and increasing impact on total electricity demand of households. In contrast to different other household appliances the market is not saturated yet and therefore growing selling rates can be expected. Mainly two systems of tumble driers are currently available on the market: condenser tumble driers and air vented tumble driers, both powered by electricity. Tumble driers of both systems are mainly classified in the energy efficiency classes C and D. The energy efficiency labelling of tumble driers takes into account the electricity demand of the different driers when used under standard conditions. Nevertheless under real life conditions in private households additional parameters influence the total energy demand of the two drying systems, like type of control (humidity or time control), type of fabric, loading of the drier, remaining water in the clothes after spinning in the washing machine, ambient temperature, energy demand for space heating or air humidity. The crucial point is that some of these parameters have a different influence on the two drier systems. For example ambient temperature has a stronger influence on air-vented driers than on condenser driers. The drier systems themselves have an opposed effect on the energy demand for space heating. Against this background the goal of this study was to compare the electricity demand of the two different drier technologies (air vented and condenser tumble driers) used under standard conditions with the energy demand when used under real life conditions especially with respect to the following effects: differences in ambient temperature (relevant when driers are located outside heated rooms, directly influencing the electricity demand of the drier) energy demand for space heating (relevant when driers are located inside heated rooms, causing an additional energy demand or energy demand substitution next to the direct electricity demand of the driers)
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Rainer Grießhammer, Mitglied der Geschäftsführung des Öko-Instituts, wird eine

Energy savings through modal shift and demand reduction (avoid) are key to decarbonising the transport sector. This is the aim of transport sufficiency policies. Some of them are already implemented and serve as best practice examples, and there are many planned and proposed policies, e.g., in the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of EU Member States and in the literature on decarbonisation of the transport sector.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

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