Dein Suchergebnis zum Thema: W��hrung

This discussion paper assesses how robust accounting could be implemented under the Paris Agreement in order to avoid double counting between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) implemented under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The paper focuses on how host countries of carbon-offset projects can account for the use of offset credits under CORSIA by reporting ‚adjustments‘ in the ’structured summaries‘ of their biennial transparency reports prepared under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. The paper finds that several accounting approaches considered in the international negotiations on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement for international transfers of mitigation outcomes between countries cannot not be implemented in the specific context of CORSIA where the offset credits are used by airline operators or may not robustly avoid double counting. The paper identifies nine options for how the use of offset credits under CORSIA could be accounted for by host countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also evaluates options to account for single-year targets in the context of CORSIA, as well as options for consistent consideration of Global Warming Potentials used under CORSIA and nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement. The findings of the paper are important for the ongoing negotiations under the Paris Agreement on the rules for international transfers of mitigation outcomes under Article 6 and the implementation of ’structured summaries‘ under Article 13.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Meeting energy and climate targets requires phasing out the use of fossil fuels in the heating sector, demanding an extensive overhaul of infrastructure. The expansion of district heating and electricity distribution grids will be essential for this transition, while parts of the gas distribution network will become redundant. Regional and municipal heating plans, mandated by the EED and the decarbonised gas and hydrogen market package, require planning that should involve identifying areas where gas distribution networks will be decommissioned or dismantled in the future. The process will be accelerated by phasing out or introducing efficiency regulations for heating installations. How should the efficient and orderly transformation of the gas network be accomplished? To this end, we compare the status-quo as well as recent the developments of gas grid infrastructures across four European countries, namely Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. Additionally, we analyse the current regulations for ga
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

What are regulatory experiments and how can they contribute to sustainability transformations? We seek to answer these questions by considering regulatory experiments in the energy sector and exploring their potential impact pathways. Different kinds of regulatory experiments can be combined with real-world labs to expand their scope and their impacts to the regulatory realm. Regulatory experiments (RegExs) can be considered an element of mission-oriented innovation policies. As such, we discuss how they relate to real-world labs (RwLs) and how they can contribute to sustainability transformations. We distinguish between two types of experiments: 1. regulatory sandboxes that help innovators to bring new products, services, and other innovations to market, and 2. regulatory-innovation experiments that are specifically designed to explore new solutions for evolving regulatory frameworks. The two types can be linked to RwLs such that an RwL can be embedded in a regulatory sandbox, enabling the RwL to try out so
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

The liberalisation of the European power market has significantly changed the framework of the electricity industry. The process of market opening and securing fair, transparent and sustainable third party access is still under way. But (incomplete) liberalisation can be thwarted by concentration trends in the electricity generation market. This study analyses the market concentration trends in six regional markets in Europe from 1996 to 2004 based on different methodological approaches. The analysis shows two very different development patterns. On the one hand, the market concentration in the United Kingdom decreased significantly in recent years and lead to electricity generation markets which could be described as unconcentrated, similar to the Scandinavian power production market. On the other hand, market concentration and its trends are occurring in all other regions. In markets which are characterized by former centralized state monopolies, the concentration indicators remain very high. Furthermore, especially in the German market, which is historically characterized by a diversity of power generation, mergers have pushed the concentration indicators to levels which are more and more critical. Given this background, it is necessary to create more strict competition rules in the electricity markets as a necessary counterbalance to these developments. Key elements of this approach are a stricter unbundling, a premium for decentralised power generation taking into account long term avoided network costs, the elimination of other market distortions as well as disinvestment obligations for market dominating generators.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

This report is intended as a steppingstone towards implementation. It provides a basis of knowledge for policymakers and experts across the climate and social policy fields tasked with making the Social Climate Fund work. We review the new legislation to gain an understanding of its scope, objectives, and processes. We then use original modelling analyses to examine vulnerability to the carbon price across Europe, focusing in on Poland and Romania. Furthermore, we unpack the discussion on policy design considerations, drawing on a broad range of good-practice policies from Europe and around the world.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Key messages Biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) are among the greatest systemic risks to the global economy and the health of people and the planet. Protecting and restoring biodiversity is vital to avoiding future pandemics while tackling other global environmental challenges like climate change or land loss. Meeting the growing demand for agricultural commodities, biogenic resources and minerals has severe and significant impacts on biodiversity and on the provision of ecosystem services, on which business actors rely. There is urgent need to re-think consumption and production and take action to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services. The benefits of strong and early action outweigh the costs. Businesses must become game changers in shaping the required transformation towards sustainable production and consumption. The following action points describe ways to integrate the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services into business activities: Systematically integrate protection, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity into business models. Risk management shall be improved through impact assessments, goal setting and developing tailored approaches to biodiversity protection. Ensure transparency and traceability, as well as efficient use of materials along the value chains to guarantee sustainable production and, moreover, to gain the trust of consumers on the basis of reliable and verifiable information. Consistently integrate the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services at all stages of the product life cycle. Establishing circularity and durability as pivotal aspects in product design can reduce pressure on material consumption and associated impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Engage and participate in business coalitions for biodiversity to increase adoption of best-practices and to promote the wider dissemination of measures for biodiversity protection and restoration. Use sustainability standards that include ambitious biodiversity protection criteria and independent certification systems for reliable consumer communication.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) is an important process which can help track the implementation and impact of sustainable public procurement (SPP). The existence of M&E frameworks for SPP, however, remains rare in practice, and where they do exist, they are often focussed on process rather than impact, which can hamper innovation and can lead to risks of greenwashing and perverse incentives. Existing guidance on developing M&E frameworks for SPP is based on top-down approaches which recommend embedding M&E in policy and enabling it with centralised digital infrastructure (in particular, national e-procurement systems). However, one main lesson learned from past implementation of SPP is the importance of inter-ministerial cooperation, for example, between the Ministry of Finance or Central Procurement Agency, which are responsible for public procurement policy and its associated infrastructure (including e-procurement systems), and the Ministry of Environment, which has the knowledge needed to define sustainability, provide SPP criteria and guidance, and calculate the environmental outcomes of SPP. As such this pre-study aims to outline important factors which should be considered when establishing or enhancing an M&E framework in a multi-actor context. It does not provide definitive instructions for M&E of SPP: instead, it seeks to collect and contextualise existing guidance and research, as a starting point for more targeted research into national needs, opportunities and barriers to SPP M&E. In addition, short case studies on M&E in eight countries from Asia, Europe and North America are provided. These focus on the data collection methods used by these countries, and provide examples of integrated e-procurement approaches, standardised questionnaires or tender evaluation methods.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

This discussion paper assesses how robust accounting could be implemented under the Paris Agreement in order to avoid double counting between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) implemented under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The paper focuses on how host countries of carbon-offset projects can account for the use of offset credits under CORSIA by reporting ‚adjustments‘ in the ’structured summaries‘ of their biennial transparency reports prepared under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. The paper finds that several accounting approaches considered in the international negotiations on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement for international transfers of mitigation outcomes between countries cannot not be implemented in the specific context of CORSIA where the offset credits are used by airline operators or may not robustly avoid double counting. The paper identifies nine options for how the use of offset credits under CORSIA could be accounted for by host countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also evaluates options to account for single-year targets in the context of CORSIA, as well as options for consistent consideration of Global Warming Potentials used under CORSIA and nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement. The findings of the paper are important for the ongoing negotiations under the Paris Agreement on the rules for international transfers of mitigation outcomes under Article 6 and the implementation of ’structured summaries‘ under Article 13.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

The liberalisation of the European power market has significantly changed the frame-work of the electricity industry. The process of market opening and securing fair, trans-parent and sustainable third party access is still underway. However, (incomplete) liber-alisation can be thwarted by concentration trends in the electricity generation market. This study analyses the market concentration trends in six regional markets in Europe from 1996 to 2005 based on different methodological approaches. The analysis shows two very different development patterns. On the one hand, the mar-ket concentration in the United Kingdom has decreased significantly in recent years and has led to electricity generation markets which could be described as unconcentrated, similar to the Scandinavian power production market. On the other hand, market con-centration and its trends are occurring in all other regions. In markets which are charac-terised by former centralised state monopolies, the concentration indicators remain very high. Furthermore, especially in the German market, which is historically characterised by a diversity of power generation, mergers have pushed the concentration indicators to levels which are increasingly critical. Given this background, it is necessary to create stricter competition rules in the electric-ity markets as a necessary counterbalance to these developments. Key elements of this approach are a stricter unbundling, a premium for decentralised power generation taking into account long-term avoided network costs, the elimination of other market distor-tions (decommissioning funds, etc.) as well as disinvestment obligations for market-dominating generators.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Germany has approximately 11,000 municipalities which can make a significant contribution towards achieving national climate targets. The Local Authorities Guideline (LAG) of the German National Climate Initiative (NCI) has been supporting municipalities in designing and implementing climate action since 2008. The aim of the LAG is to provide targeted support to municipalities in achieving GHG mitigation and in establishing a strategic framework for effective climate protection. Over the years, the LAG has continuously been revised and improved. It was evaluated for the first time in 2011, followed by two further evaluation periods 2012-2014 and 2015-2017. A total of more than 8,500 projects were completed by more than 3,000 municipalities. These can be allocated to more than 40 different funding areas, which belong to 5 different funding priorities. The spectrum of funding priorities ranges from initial advice, climate action concepts and climate action management, to numerous investment measures. Due to the complexity and diversity of the LAG, the evaluation faces a number of challenges. Investment as well as informative and strategic approaches must be adequately evaluated. At the time of the evaluation there was no experience available for the evaluation of climate action concepts and climate action management. In our paper we describe the LAG, evaluation methodologies, challenges, and selected findings of the evaluation of the strategic funding priorities. In particular, we focus on the effects of the funding of climate action concepts and climate action managers. We discuss the methodology as well as the results.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG