Dein Suchergebnis zum Thema: W��hrung

The current energy systems are undergoing fundamental changes driven by the climate crisis, unfolding digitalisation and increasing calls for a more active citizens‘ engagement. The impact of these ongoing trends on the future energy system, however, is far from straightforward. Although there is an increasing shift towards a decentralisation, it is not clear yet how exactly this new decentralised configuration will unfold and materialise. In this article we explore the rationales behind current trends towards a more decentralised electricity system. Given the developments in the electricity system, our study centres on emerging initiatives led by citizens and their values. Theoretically, we first mobilise the notion of socio-technical system as constituted and reproduced by actors, institutions, and technology, operating based on certain shared principles. We use this lens to describe the past and current energy system organisation. Secondly, based on two dimensions of value orientation and steering directio
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Economic principles are at the heart of key policies addressing or affecting energy efficiency. Minimum energy performance standards are typically based on an economic efficiency principle, where the ambition of the minimum requirements depends on economic costs and benefits. Examples from different governance levels include the least-life-cycle-costs approach in the EU Ecodesign Directive, the cost-optimality approach in the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and the German building codes, where the requirement for micro-level cost efficiency acts as barrier for setting more ambitious standards. Also, some public procurement approaches are based on economic principles, where requirements to include life-cycle costs and/or external environmental costs can provide a driver for the uptake of energy efficiency technologies. In view of the fundamental role of energy efficiency policy for reaching climate targets, this article addresses the question how innovative approaches to use economic principles in policy formulation can foster the deployment of energy efficiency solutions. To this end, we analyse different approaches for using economic principles in minimum energy performance standards and in public procurement processes, including the recently introduced requirement to consider the costs of climate action in Federal procurement processes specified in the German Federal Climate Change Act. We derive recommendations on how to use economic principles in policy formulation as a driver rather than a barrier for the deployment of energy efficiency solutions.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

There is substantial research interest in how future fleets of battery-electric vehicles will interact with the power sector. Various types of energy models are used for respective analyses. they depend on meaningful input parameters, in particular time series of vehicle mobility, driving electricity consumption, grid availability, or grid electricity demand. as the availability of such data is highly limited, we introduce the open-source tool emobpy. Based on mobility statistics, physical properties of battery-electric vehicles, and other customizable assumptions, it derives time series data that can readily be used in a wide range of model applications. For an illustration, we create and characterize 200 vehicle profiles for Germany. Depending on the hour of the day, a fleet of one million vehicles has a median grid availability between 5 and 7 gigawatts, as vehicles are parking most of the time. Four exemplary grid electricity demand time series illustrate the smoothing effect of balanced charging strategies. Published in: Scientific Data 8, Article Number 151 doi: doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00932
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

If relevant volumes of hydrogen and synthetic fuels are to be used in the European transport sector until 2030, there is a need for sustainability criteria for these fuels to ensure their environmental benefit. Such criteria should not only address CO2 emission savings but also broader aspects of sustainability such as the use of natural resources (e.g. water and land) and social impacts (e.g. land right issues and welfare of local population in production countries). As electricity-based synthetic methane can also be used in other sectors (e.g. for heating), the development of sustainability criteria is not only relevant for transport but also for the climate policy framework of other sectors. This policy paper sets out the most important issues which should be addressed by such criteria and outlines possible criteria approaches. For the development of a concrete criteria set, a much more thorough assessment of the relevant issues is necessary than it is possible in this short paper. The analysis in this paper concentrates on the sustainability aspects of the production of liquid synthetic fuels (methanol, liquid hydrocarbons), with most arguments also applying to hydrogen.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement will require an unprecedented scale of financing for low-carbon and climate-resilient development. This poses a particular challenge to developing countries. The current financial flows from carbon markets and climate finance do not come close to meeting the incremental investment needs for these ambitious goals. Historically, climate finance and carbon markets have worked almost entirely independently. This landscape is starting to shift, however, because of the overwhelming need for mobilizing new investment and also the need in both carbon markets and climate finance to target larger-scale interventions, which are then more likely to require multiple streams of financial support. Blending different sources of finance provides more flexibility, because it allows multiple international actors to provide support for the same program and to combine different financial instruments. Blending climate finance instruments with international carbon market mechanisms is still in its early days, with limited practical experience even in the emerging piloting activities for Article 6. This report assesses both the principles of attribution of emission reductions to climate finance and carbon markets and the practical applications of these principles in Article 6 pilot activities.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

Parties to the Paris Agreement submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTR) with information on mitigation, adaptation and support. By 31 December 2024, the deadline for submission of the first BTR, 86 Parties submitted such a report. Twelve Parties did not provide a BTR but submitted related information. Many Parties went beyond the mandatory requirements, in particular by reporting information on climate change impacts and adaptation, on loss and damage, and on support needed and received.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

While distributional issues may not be the focus of most academic research into (EU) emissions trading, they do play an important role in the public debate and policy making. Carbon leakage provisions and the level of free allocation feature prominently in ongoing discussions about a reform of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and are the subject of lobbying activities of companies and industry associations. In this paper, I therefore ask the question: Who were the winners and losers of EU emissions trading during its first period? And: What are the factors influencing whether a company stands to make a gain on the market for emissions permits or has to expect additional costs? The aim is to provide input into the political debate, by understanding the distributional implications of certain design choices made in the context of the EU ETS. Also beyond the European policy context, these considerations are likely to be relevant. Following the Paris Agreement many jurisdictions have to decide which inst
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

The report provides an overview of the European Union’s (EU) evolving legal and policy framework on Collective Prosumerism (CP), particularly in the context of solar energy in urban areas.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

The ongoing needs to develop power systems towards more environmentally friendly technologies with respect to climate change in conjunction with the continuous evolution of the respective market conditions is leading to a transition away from the traditional system operation. The upcoming challenges have motivated the development of an increasing number of models for transmission grids. Nevertheless, the high complexity of such models renders it exceedingly difficult to compare their results as well as any corresponding conclusions. In this paper, we develop an open framework to compare a variety of pan-European transmission grid models with a strong focus on the German power system. The comparison is performed in both a qualitative and quantitative manner, depending on the investigated modeling aspect including input data, methods, system boundaries and results. The quantitative model comparison is done by performing harmonized model experiments, one for 2016 as back testing and one for 2030 for analyzing the future system. Core elements of our comparison framework are: We proved that our comparison framework is suitable to make similarities and differences between the different model results visible, e.g. using quadratic heat maps. To ensure transparency and to support the open modeling community, the fact sheets with the model specifications and the database with selected model results are uploaded on the open energy platform.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG

This case study is part of a series of six studies which show good practice examples for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors covered under the Effort Sharing Legislation. It has been developed on behalf of the European Commission, DG Climate Action. The CO2 tax is a carbon pricing instrument introduced to Switzerland in 2008. The tax covers approximately 35 % of all CO2emissions in Switzerland and applies primarily to the use of thermal fuels. The tax is not levied onto motor fuels, companies (and their installations) participating in the Swiss Emission Trading Scheme (CH ETS) and exemptions are available to other companies. Significant emission reductions can be attributed to the CO2 tax in Switzerland and lessons from the development and implementation of the instrument can be applied to other national contexts. The case study provides an overview of the CO2 tax, including the key actors involved, primary objectives, and how it interacts with other schemes. The study then focuses on the implementation of the CO2 tax and finally offers an assessment of the tax. This examines both the successes and the limitations of the CO2 tax and considers its future potentials.
Die Arbeitshilfe beinhalt eine Einführung in die gesetzlichen Grundlagen wie KSG