The role of international financial institutions in macroeconomic crises: improving the architecture of the World Bank and the IMF for managing shocks in developing countries – German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) https://www.idos-research.de/discussion-paper/article/the-role-of-international-financial-institutions-in-macroeconomic-crises-improving-the-architecture-of-the-world-bank-and-the-imf-for-managing-shocks-in-developing-countries/
In their response to the global financial crisis, the international financial institutions (IFIs) have significantly reformed their instruments….
To be prepared for future crises, IDA should investigate other funding models to