The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 was awarded jointly to Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg „for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid“
the source of celebrated advances in medical practice just four will be cited: x-rays, penicillin, polio
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/baltimore/interview/
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 was awarded jointly to David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin „for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell“
At some point you moved to MIT and then, based on your experience with the picornaviruses the polio and
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2023/213174-press-release-swedish/
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman „for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19“
Exempel på detta är vaccinerna mot polio, mässling och gula febern. 1951 belönades Max Theiler med Nobelpriset
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2023/press-release/
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman „for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19“
Vaccines based on killed or weakened viruses have long been available, exemplified by the vaccines against polio
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